How to Say “Go” in Spanish: A Comprehensive Guide

Learning how to say “go” in Spanish is essential for basic communication. The verb “ir” (to go) is one of the most frequently used verbs in the Spanish language. Mastering its conjugations and various uses will significantly improve your ability to express movement, plans, and future actions. This comprehensive guide will cover everything you need to know about “ir,” from its basic conjugations to more complex idiomatic expressions. This article is perfect for beginners who are just starting to learn Spanish, as well as intermediate learners who want to refine their understanding and usage of this crucial verb.

Whether you are planning a trip to a Spanish-speaking country, studying Spanish in school, or simply interested in expanding your language skills, this guide will provide you with the knowledge and practice you need to confidently use “ir” in a variety of contexts. We will break down the verb into manageable parts, provide plenty of examples, and offer practice exercises to solidify your understanding.

Table of Contents

• Definition of “Ir”
• Conjugations of “Ir”
  • Present Tense
  • Preterite Tense
  • Imperfect Tense
  • Future Tense
  • Conditional Tense
  • Subjunctive Mood
    • Present Subjunctive
    • Imperfect Subjunctive
  • Imperative Mood (Commands)
• Uses of “Ir”
  • Expressing Movement
  • Expressing Future Plans
  • Idiomatic Expressions with “Ir”
• Examples of “Ir” in Sentences
• Common Mistakes When Using “Ir”
• Practice Exercises
• Advanced Topics
• Frequently Asked Questions
• Conclusion

Definition of “Ir”

The Spanish verb ir primarily means “to go.” It is an irregular verb, meaning its conjugations do not follow the standard patterns of regular -ar, -er, or -ir verbs. “Ir” is used to express movement from one place to another, similar to the English verb “to go.” It also functions as an auxiliary verb when forming the near future tense (ir a + infinitive).

Classification: Irregular verb

Function: Expresses movement, future plans, and is used in various idiomatic expressions.

Contexts: Used in everyday conversations, travel contexts, planning activities, and describing actions.

Conjugations of “Ir”

Understanding the conjugations of “ir” is crucial for using it correctly. Because “ir” is an irregular verb, its forms need to be memorized. Let’s explore its conjugations in different tenses and moods.

Present Tense

The present tense of “ir” is used to describe actions happening now or habitual actions.

Pronoun	Conjugation	Translation
Yo	voy	I go
Tú	vas	You go (informal)
Él/Ella/Usted	va	He/She/You go (formal)
Nosotros/Nosotras	vamos	We go
Vosotros/Vosotras	vais	You go (informal, Spain)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes	van	They/You go (formal)

Here are a few example sentences using the present tense of “ir”:

• Yo voy al supermercado. (I go to the supermarket.)
• Tú vas al cine los viernes. (You go to the cinema on Fridays.)
• Ella va a la escuela en autobús. (She goes to school by bus.)
• Nosotros vamos a la playa en verano. (We go to the beach in summer.)
• Vosotros vais de vacaciones a España. (You go on vacation to Spain.)
• Ellos van al parque todos los días. (They go to the park every day.)

Preterite Tense

The preterite tense of “ir” expresses completed actions in the past. Interestingly, the preterite forms of “ir” and “ser” (to be) are identical, but the context usually clarifies the meaning.

Pronoun	Conjugation	Translation
Yo	fui	I went
Tú	fuiste	You went (informal)
Él/Ella/Usted	fue	He/She/You went (formal)
Nosotros/Nosotras	fuimos	We went
Vosotros/Vosotras	fuisteis	You went (informal, Spain)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes	fueron	They/You went (formal)

Here are a few example sentences using the preterite tense of “ir”:

• Yo fui al concierto ayer. (I went to the concert yesterday.)
• Tú fuiste a la fiesta anoche. (You went to the party last night.)
• Él fue al trabajo en bicicleta. (He went to work by bicycle.)
• Nosotros fuimos al restaurante italiano. (We went to the Italian restaurant.)
• Vosotros fuisteis al museo la semana pasada. (You went to the museum last week.)
• Ellos fueron a la montaña el fin de semana. (They went to the mountain on the weekend.)

Imperfect Tense

The imperfect tense of “ir” describes ongoing or habitual actions in the past. It’s often used to set the scene or describe what used to happen.

Pronoun	Conjugation	Translation
Yo	iba	I used to go/I was going
Tú	ibas	You used to go/You were going (informal)
Él/Ella/Usted	iba	He/She/You used to go/He/She/You were going (formal)
Nosotros/Nosotras	íbamos	We used to go/We were going
Vosotros/Vosotras	ibais	You used to go/You were going (informal, Spain)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes	iban	They/You used to go/They/You were going (formal)

Here are a few example sentences using the imperfect tense of “ir”:

• Yo iba a la escuela caminando. (I used to go to school walking.)
• Tú ibas al gimnasio todos los días. (You used to go to the gym every day.)
• Ella iba al mercado los sábados. (She used to go to the market on Saturdays.)
• Nosotros íbamos al cine con nuestros padres. (We used to go to the cinema with our parents.)
• Vosotros ibais de camping cada verano. (You used to go camping every summer.)
• Ellos iban a la iglesia todos los domingos. (They used to go to church every Sunday.)

Future Tense

The future tense of “ir” is formed using the structure “ir a + infinitive” and expresses what someone is going to do. This is the near future tense.

Pronoun	Conjugation	Translation
Yo	voy a ir	I am going to go
Tú	vas a ir	You are going to go (informal)
Él/Ella/Usted	va a ir	He/She/You are going to go (formal)
Nosotros/Nosotras	vamos a ir	We are going to go
Vosotros/Vosotras	vais a ir	You are going to go (informal, Spain)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes	van a ir	They/You are going to go (formal)

While the table shows “ir a ir,” it’s more common to use a different verb after “ir a.” Here are more practical examples:

• Yo voy a estudiar español. (I am going to study Spanish.)
• Tú vas a viajar a México. (You are going to travel to Mexico.)
• Él va a jugar al fútbol. (He is going to play soccer.)
• Nosotros vamos a comer en un restaurante nuevo. (We are going to eat at a new restaurant.)
• Vosotros vais a ver una película esta noche. (You are going to watch a movie tonight.)
• Ellos van a visitar a sus abuelos. (They are going to visit their grandparents.)

Conditional Tense

The conditional tense of “ir” expresses what someone would go, or what would happen under certain conditions. It is formed using “ir a + infinitive” using the conditional conjugation of “ir”.

Pronoun	Conjugation	Translation
Yo	iría	I would go
Tú	irías	You would go (informal)
Él/Ella/Usted	iría	He/She/You would go (formal)
Nosotros/Nosotras	iríamos	We would go
Vosotros/Vosotras	iríais	You would go (informal, Spain)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes	irían	They/You would go (formal)

Here are a few example sentences using the conditional tense of “ir”:

• Yo iría a la fiesta si tuviera tiempo. (I would go to the party if I had time.)
• Tú irías al concierto si te gustara la banda. (You would go to the concert if you liked the band.)
• Él iría a la playa si hiciera sol. (He would go to the beach if it were sunny.)
• Nosotros iríamos de viaje si tuviéramos dinero. (We would go on a trip if we had money.)
• Vosotros iríais al cine si no estuvierais cansados. (You would go to the cinema if you weren’t tired.)
• Ellos irían al restaurante si tuvieran reservación. (They would go to the restaurant if they had a reservation.)

Subjunctive Mood

The subjunctive mood is used to express doubts, wishes, possibilities, and emotions. It is important for expressing uncertainty or subjectivity.

Present Subjunctive

The present subjunctive of “ir” is used in dependent clauses to express desires, doubts, or suggestions.

Pronoun	Conjugation	Translation
Yo	vaya	I go (subjunctive)
Tú	vayas	You go (subjunctive, informal)
Él/Ella/Usted	vaya	He/She/You go (subjunctive, formal)
Nosotros/Nosotras	vayamos	We go (subjunctive)
Vosotros/Vosotras	vayáis	You go (subjunctive, informal, Spain)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes	vayan	They/You go (subjunctive, formal)

Here are a few example sentences using the present subjunctive of “ir”:

• Es importante que yo vaya al doctor. (It’s important that I go to the doctor.)
• Es necesario que tú vayas a la reunión. (It’s necessary that you go to the meeting.)
• Espero que él vaya a la fiesta. (I hope that he goes to the party.)
• Queremos que nosotros vayamos de vacaciones. (We want us to go on vacation.)
• Es bueno que vosotros vayáis al gimnasio. (It’s good that you go to the gym.)
• Es posible que ellos vayan al cine. (It’s possible that they go to the cinema.)

Imperfect Subjunctive

The imperfect subjunctive of “ir” is used to express past desires, doubts, or hypothetical situations.

Pronoun	Conjugation	Translation
Yo	fuera/fuese	I went (subjunctive)
Tú	fueras/fueses	You went (subjunctive, informal)
Él/Ella/Usted	fuera/fuese	He/She/You went (subjunctive, formal)
Nosotros/Nosotras	fuéramos/fuésemos	We went (subjunctive)
Vosotros/Vosotras	fuerais/fueseis	You went (subjunctive, informal, Spain)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes	fueran/fuesen	They/You went (subjunctive, formal)

Here are a few example sentences using the imperfect subjunctive of “ir”:

• Quería que yo fuera al concierto. (I wanted me to go to the concert.)
• Era importante que tú fueras a la escuela. (It was important that you went to school.)
• Esperaba que él fuera a la fiesta. (I hoped that he went to the party.)
• Deseábamos que nosotros fuéramos de viaje. (We wished that we went on a trip.)
• Era necesario que vosotros fuerais al trabajo. (It was necessary that you went to work.)
• No creía que ellos fueran al restaurante. (I didn’t believe that they went to the restaurant.)

Imperative Mood (Commands)

The imperative mood is used to give commands or instructions. The imperative of “ir” has irregular forms.

Pronoun	Conjugation	Translation
Tú (affirmative)	ve	Go (informal)
Tú (negative)	no vayas	Don’t go (informal)
Usted (affirmative)	vaya	Go (formal)
Usted (negative)	no vaya	Don’t go (formal)
Nosotros/Nosotras (affirmative)	vamos	Let’s go
Nosotros/Nosotras (negative)	no vayamos	Let’s not go
Vosotros/Vosotras (affirmative)	id	Go (informal, Spain)
Vosotros/Vosotras (negative)	no vayáis	Don’t go (informal, Spain)
Ustedes (affirmative)	vayan	Go (formal)
Ustedes (negative)	no vayan	Don’t go (formal)

Here are a few example sentences using the imperative mood of “ir”:

• Ve a la tienda. (Go to the store.)
• No vayas allí. (Don’t go there.)
• Vaya con cuidado. (Go carefully – formal.)
• Vamos a bailar. (Let’s go dancing.)
• Id con Dios. (Go with God – informal, Spain.)
• No vayan a esa calle. (Don’t go to that street – formal.)

Uses of “Ir”

“Ir” has several important uses in Spanish. It’s not just about physical movement; it also plays a key role in expressing future plans and in various idiomatic expressions.

Expressing Movement

The most straightforward use of “ir” is to express movement from one place to another. It indicates the act of going.

Here are some examples:

• Voy a casa. (I am going home.)
• Vas al trabajo. (You are going to work.)
• Ella va al cine. (She is going to the cinema.)
• Nosotros vamos al parque. (We are going to the park.)
• Vosotros vais a la playa. (You are going to the beach.)
• Ellos van al restaurante. (They are going to the restaurant.)

Expressing Future Plans

As mentioned earlier, “ir a + infinitive” is used to express the near future. It indicates what someone is going to do.

Here are some examples:

• Voy a comer pizza. (I am going to eat pizza.)
• Vas a estudiar español. (You are going to study Spanish.)
• Él va a ver una película. (He is going to watch a movie.)
• Nosotros vamos a viajar a Europa. (We are going to travel to Europe.)
• Vosotros vais a comprar un coche nuevo. (You are going to buy a new car.)
• Ellos van a jugar al fútbol. (They are going to play soccer.)

Idiomatic Expressions with “Ir”

“Ir” is also used in several idiomatic expressions, which add color and nuance to the Spanish language. These expressions often have meanings that are not immediately obvious from the literal translation of “to go.”

Here are a few common idiomatic expressions with “ir”:

Expression	Meaning	Example
¿Cómo te va?	How’s it going? / How are you doing?	¿Cómo te va en el trabajo? (How’s it going at work?)
Ir de compras	To go shopping	Vamos a ir de compras mañana. (We are going to go shopping tomorrow.)
Ir bien/mal	To go well/badly	El examen fue mal. (The exam went badly.)
Ir a + infinitive	To be going to do something (near future)	Voy a estudiar esta noche. (I am going to study tonight.)
Ir por	To go for/after something	Voy por un café. (I’m going for a coffee.)
Irse	To leave, to go away	Me voy ahora. (I’m leaving now.)

Examples of “Ir” in Sentences

To further illustrate the usage of “ir,” here are more examples categorized by tense and use:

Category	Spanish Sentence	English Translation
Present Tense	Yo voy al gimnasio tres veces por semana.	I go to the gym three times a week.
	¿Vas a la fiesta de cumpleaños de María?	Are you going to Maria’s birthday party?
	Mi hermana va a clases de inglés los martes y jueves.	My sister goes to English classes on Tuesdays and Thursdays.
	Nosotros vamos al cine todos los fines de semana.	We go to the cinema every weekend.
	Ellos van de vacaciones a España cada año.	They go on vacation to Spain every year.
Preterite Tense	Yo fui al museo ayer por la tarde.	I went to the museum yesterday afternoon.
	¿Fuiste al concierto de rock la semana pasada?	Did you go to the rock concert last week?
	Ella fue a la biblioteca para estudiar.	She went to the library to study.
	Nosotros fuimos a la playa durante el verano.	We went to the beach during the summer.
	Ellos fueron a Italia el año pasado.	They went to Italy last year.
Imperfect Tense	Yo iba al parque todos los días cuando era niño.	I used to go to the park every day when I was a child.
	Tú ibas a la escuela en bicicleta.	You used to go to school by bicycle.
	Él iba al trabajo en autobús antes de comprar un coche.	He used to go to work by bus before buying a car.
	Nosotros íbamos de camping cada verano.	We used to go camping every summer.
	Ellos iban a la iglesia todos los domingos.	They used to go to church every Sunday.
Future Tense (ir a + infinitive)	Voy a estudiar para el examen mañana.	I am going to study for the exam tomorrow.
	¿Vas a viajar a Europa el próximo año?	Are you going to travel to Europe next year?
	Ella va a aprender a tocar la guitarra.	She is going to learn to play the guitar.
	Nosotros vamos a cenar en un restaurante elegante.	We are going to have dinner at an elegant restaurant.
	Ellos van a comprar una casa nueva.	They are going to buy a new house.

Common Mistakes When Using “Ir”

Even experienced learners sometimes make mistakes with “ir.” Here are some common errors and how to correct them:

Incorrect	Correct	Explanation
Yo soy a la tienda.	Yo voy a la tienda.	“Ser” (to be) is often mistakenly used instead of “ir” (to go).
Voy ir a la playa.	Voy a ir a la playa.	When expressing the near future, use “ir a” + infinitive. Including “ir” twice is redundant, but “ir a ir” is still grammatically correct, though uncommon.
Iba a la tienda ayer.	Fui a la tienda ayer.	The imperfect tense (iba) describes habitual or ongoing actions in the past, while the preterite (fui) describes a completed action. If you went to the store yesterday, and it’s a one-time event, use the preterite.
¿Cómo está yendo?	¿Cómo te va?	“¿Cómo está yendo?” is a literal translation of “How is it going?” but the correct expression is “¿Cómo te va?”.
Voy por un libro.	Voy a buscar un libro.	“Voy por” means you are going *for* something (like a coffee). If you’re going to *look for* something, use “buscar”.

Practice Exercises

Test your understanding of “ir” with these practice exercises. Fill in the blanks with the correct conjugation of “ir.”

1. Yo ________ al cine los fines de semana.
2. Tú ________ a la fiesta anoche.
3. Ella ________ a la escuela en autobús.
4. Nosotros ________ de vacaciones el próximo verano.
5. Vosotros ________ al gimnasio todos los días.
6. Ellos ________ al parque por la tarde.
7. ¿Cómo te ________ en tu nuevo trabajo?
8. Yo ________ a estudiar español este año.
9. Si tuviera tiempo, yo ________ al concierto.
10. Es importante que tú ________ al médico.

Answer Key:

1. voy
2. fuiste
3. va
4. vamos a ir
5. vais
6. van
7. va
8. voy
9. iría
10. vayas

More Practice Exercises:

Translate the following sentences into Spanish using the correct form of “ir.”

1. I am going to the library.
2. Did you go to the beach yesterday?
3. She used to go to school by bus.
4. We are going to travel to Europe next year.
5. They go to the park every day.
6. He would go to the party if he had time.
7. Let’s go to the movies!
8. Don’t go there!
9. It is important that I go to the doctor.
10. How is it going with your studies?

Answer Key:

1. Voy a la biblioteca.
2. ¿Fuiste a la playa ayer?
3. Ella iba a la escuela en autobús.
4. Vamos a viajar a Europa el próximo año.
5. Ellos van al parque todos los días.
6. Él iría a la fiesta si tuviera tiempo.
7. ¡Vamos al cine!
8. ¡No vayas allí!
9. Es importante que yo vaya al médico.
10. ¿Cómo te va con tus estudios?

Advanced Topics

For advanced learners, here are some more complex aspects of using “ir”:

• “Irse” vs. “Ir”: “Irse” means “to leave” or “to go away.” It’s a pronominal verb, meaning it requires a reflexive pronoun. For example, “Me voy” (I’m leaving). The simple verb “ir” is more general, describing the act of going.
• Subjunctive nuances: The subjunctive mood with “ir” can express subtle differences in meaning depending on the context. Pay attention to the conjunctions and expressions that trigger the subjunctive.
• Regional variations: The usage of “ir” and its associated expressions can vary slightly between different Spanish-speaking countries.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is the difference between “ir” and “irse”?

   The verb “ir” means “to go,” while “irse” means “to leave” or “to go away.” “Irse” is a pronominal verb, requiring a reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, os, se). For instance, “Voy al cine” (I’m going to the cinema) vs. “Me voy” (I’m leaving).

2. How do I use “ir a” to express the future?

   To express the near future, use the structure “ir a + infinitive.” Conjugate “ir” in the present tense, add “a,” and then follow it with the infinitive form of the verb you want to use. For example, “Voy a comer” (I am going to eat).

3. Why are the preterite forms of “ir” and “ser” the same?

   Yes, the preterite forms of “ir” (to go) and “ser” (to be) are identical (fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron). The context of the sentence will usually make it clear which verb is being used. For example, “Fui a la tienda” (I went to the store – “ir”) vs. “Fui médico” (I was a doctor – “ser”).

4. When should I use the imperfect tense of “ir”?

   Use the imperfect tense (iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban) to describe habitual actions or ongoing states in the past. For example, “Iba a la escuela caminando” (I used to go to school walking).

5. What are some common idiomatic expressions with “ir”?

   Some common idiomatic expressions with “ir” include “¿Cómo te va?” (How’s it going?), “Ir de compras” (To go shopping), and “Ir bien/mal” (To go well/badly).

6. Is “ir” a regular or irregular verb?

   “Ir” is an irregular verb. Its conjugations do not follow the standard patterns of regular -ar, -er, or -ir verbs, so you’ll need to memorize its forms.

7. How do I form commands (imperative mood) with “ir”?

   The imperative forms of “ir” are irregular. The affirmative informal command is “ve” (go), and the negative informal command is “no vayas” (don’t go). Other forms include “vaya” (formal go), “vamos” (let’s go), and “id” (informal plural go – used in Spain).

8. What is the difference between “voy a” and “iré”?

   “Voy a” + infinitive expresses the near future (I am going to…). “Iré” is the simple future tense (I will go). While both express future actions, “voy a” implies a more immediate or definite plan.

Conclusion

Mastering the verb “ir” is a fundamental step in learning Spanish. From expressing simple movement to forming future plans
, understanding its conjugations and idiomatic uses will greatly enhance your communication skills. Don’t be discouraged by its irregularity; with practice and consistent use, “ir” will become a natural part of your Spanish vocabulary. Keep practicing, and you’ll be “going” places with your Spanish language abilities in no time!